Simple Seed Starting Tips for a Strong and Healthy Garden

Starting seeds indoors is a great way to get a jump on the growing season, especially for vegetables that need a longer growing period. It allows you to control the environment, ensure strong seedlings, and grow a wider variety of plants. Local garden centers typically carry the most common vegetable varieties, but starting seeds indoors gives you the freedom to try unique and heirloom options you won’t always find as transplants. Two years ago I started the seeds of an heirloom tomato called “Box Car Willie”  Just because I like the name.

Why Start Seeds Indoors?

• Extends the growing season
• Allows you to grow varieties not always available as transplants
• Gives you stronger, healthier plants to move into the garden

Supplies You’ll Need

• Seed trays or small containers with drainage holes  Bottom watering trays are best.
• Seed-starting mix (lighter than regular potting soil)
• Seeds (Check the packet for indoor start recommendations)
• Humidity dome or plastic wrap to keep moisture in until seeds germinate
• Heat mat (for seeds that need warmth to germinate, like peppers and tomatoes)
• Grow light (to provide enough light once seedlings emerge)
• Fan (optional, but helps prevent fungal diseases and strengthens stems)

Do You Need a Heat Mat?

Some seeds, like tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants, need warmth to sprout well. A heat mat speeds up germination and improves success. Once the seedlings emerge, you can remove the heat mat.  I turn the temperature to 75-80 degrees to start my tomatoes and peppers.

When to Add a Grow Light

Once seeds sprout, they need 12-16 hours of bright light daily. A south-facing window usually isn’t enough, so a grow light is the best option. Place it about 2 inches above the seedlings and adjust it upward as they grow to prevent legginess.  Depending on how many you start, you can use a small inexpensive set up or racks of seeds.  I only start a few so a set up like this works for me.  This one is from Amazon, but I purchased mine from Lowe’s.

Watering Tips

• Keep the soil evenly moist but not soggy
• Use a spray bottle or bottom watering to avoid disturbing seeds
• Good airflow helps prevent damping off (a fungal disease that kills seedlings)

What Is Hardening Off?

Before transplanting outdoors, seedlings need time to adjust to sun, wind, and outdoor temperatures. Start by placing them outside in a shady, sheltered spot for a couple of hours each day. Gradually increase the time and sun exposure over 7-10 days before planting them in the garden.

Transplanting Seedlings to the Garden

• Transplant on a cloudy day or in the evening to reduce transplant shock
• Water seedlings well before and after planting

Check the Seed Packet for Timing

Not all vegetables need to be started indoors. Leafy greens, root crops, and beans often do better when sown directly in the garden. The seed packet will tell you when and where to plant for best results.

Common Seed-Starting Questions

Q: Why are my seedlings leggy?
A: Leggy seedlings usually mean they aren’t getting enough light. Move your grow light closer to the seedlings (about 2 inches above them) and keep it on for 12-16 hours a day. If they’re on a windowsill, they may not be getting strong enough light, and a grow light will help.

Q: When should I transplant seedlings into a larger pot?
A: If your seedlings have two or more sets of true leaves or their roots are circling the bottom of the container, it’s time to move them into a larger pot. Use fresh seed-starting mix and handle the roots gently during transplanting.

Q: My seedlings are growing, but they suddenly wilted. What happened?
A: This could be damping off, a fungal disease caused by overly wet soil and poor air circulation. To prevent it:

• Use clean containers and fresh seed-starting mix
• Avoid overwatering
• Run a small fan at low speed to improve airflow  The small fan also mimics wind and strengthens the plant

Q: Can I reuse seed-starting mix from last year?
A: It’s best to start fresh. Used soil may carry diseases or pests that could harm new seedlings.

Starting seeds doesn’t have to be complicated. With the right setup and a little attention, you’ll have healthy seedlings ready to thrive in your garden.

Happy Gardening

Karen